Invasive species threatening zimbabwe water hyacinth eichhornia crassipes martius is amonocotyledonous freshwater aquatic plant, belonging to the family pontederiaceae, related to the lily family liliaceaeand is a native of brazil and equador region. However, neem products are not as effective for protection of maize grain against the larger grain borer as against grain weevils. After about 25 years of intensive research a substantial moment of information has accumulated on the basic biology of prostephanus truncatus in stored products. The head and abdomen feature rows of tiny indentations and the antennae finish with 3 larger segments that form a club. Both adults and larvae feed internally on maize grains and an infestation can start in the field when the cob is still on the plant but most damage occurs in storage. The introduction of larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus, into tanzania in east africa during the late 1970s and togo in west africa during the early 1980s, and the spread to at least 14 other african countries are mentioned in fundamentals of stored product entomology. Your use of this pdf, the bioone complete website, and all posted and. Interspecific competition and grainhosts selection of. Tanzaniangerman project for integrated pest management.
Lesser grain borers mainly attack wheat, corn, rice and millet. Modeling the potential range expansion of larger grain borer. Plantderived products as protectans against the larger grain borer prostephanus truncatus and other storedfood pests. Evaluation of triple layer hermetic storage bag pics. Teretrius nigrescens against larger grain borer prostephanus. Since these two pests are usually found together, a mixture of neem and pyrethrum known as nimpyr seems as a better option to protect stored maize. The female lesser grain borer lays between 300 500 eggs over a period of ca three weeks. Following the accidental introduction of the bostrichid beetle prostephanus truncatus into east and west africa around 1980, a classical biological control campaign was launched in 1991. Bostrichidae and the maize weevil sitophilus zeamais mot. The establishment of the predatory histerid beetle, teretrius nigrescens lewis, following its field release in south eastern kenya in 1992, and its impact on populations of the larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus horn, in woodland habitats is evaluated. We describe the isolation and characterization of 24 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers and their testing on a population from honduras. In a field survey, no preharvest infestation in the.
Bostrichidae, is native to mexico and central america, where it is a pest of stored maize though it is also found in non. Ecology and behavior effects of rearing density, age, sex, and food deprivation on flight initiation of the red flour beetle coleoptera. Two to four grain probe traps placed into the surface of grain during a fortyeighthour period will trap insects. Distribution and abundance of prostephanus truncatus. The crucial role of the accessible area in ecological niche modeling and species distribution modeling. Detection and monitoring of larger grain borer, prostephanus. Their biology and identification a training manual, 2nd edition. Read teretrius nigrescens against larger grain borer prostephanus truncatus in african maize stores.
Gasga workshop on the larger grain borer prostephanus truncatus, 2425 february 1983, tpi, slough, publ. Resistance in maize to the larger grain borer, prostephanus. Invasive species threatening zimbabwe water hyacinth eichhornia crassipesmartius is amonocotyledonous freshwater aquatic plant, belonging to the family pontederiaceae, related to the lily family liliaceaeand is a native of brazil and equador region. Before sharing sensitive information online, make sure youre on a. Depending upon temperature the eggs hatch in 7 18 days to give white larvae with brown. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. Bostrichidae, and larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus horn coleoptera. Such traditional methods are reasonably effective and studies have shown that under normal conditions they can keep losses down to less than 5% per year adams, 1977.
Damage is severe figure 3 weight losses as high as 34% have been observed in some east african maize cribs after only 36 months storage. Prostephanus truncatus horn, the larger grain borer, is endemic to central america, but invaded africa with disastrous consequences for maize production. When infesting stored maize cobs, with husks intact, the adults frequently begin their attack by boring. Prostephanus truncatus is a primary pest of farmstored maize. African farmers operate traditional methods of integrated pest control when storing maize. Spatial distribution and movement patterns of stored. The adult beetles bore into maize cobs, husks and grains leaving tunnels and empty grain shells, and producing large quantities of grain dust. The larger grain borer lgb, prostephanus truncatus horn coleoptera. They are laid singly or in clusters from 2 30 and are often attached to the grain. The biology of the larger grain borer, prostephanus. Studies were carried out under laboratory conditions of 32 2 oc and 5888% r. Temperaturemediated competition between the invasive larger. The larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus horn coleoptera. The larger grain borer usually is restricted to corn maize and does not commonly occur north of mexico.
Pheromone trap catch data show a single strong peak of p. Field and store ecology of the larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus horn coleoptera. Laboratory interspecific competition and grainhosts selection experiments involving maize weevil mw, sitophilus zeamais motsch. Apr 01, 2003 read teretrius nigrescens against larger grain borer prostephanus truncatus in african maize stores. Interspecific competition between agricultural pests may affect the species that can establish, and may also affect food production. Prostephanus truncatus in africa bioline international. Its main competitor is sitophilus zeamais motschulsky, the maize weevil, which is cosmopolitan. It is recommended that a small amount of neem powder ground neem seeds mixed with dry clay or sawdust at a rate of 1. In recent years, new infestations have occurred in africa. They are usually laid in batches of 30 to 100 under leaf sheaths in a long column stretching up the stem, and may slightly be compressed by pressure from the growing stem.
Spatial distribution and movement patterns of storedproduct. Biological control of the larger grain borer prostephanus. Teretrius nigrescens is a predator of the larger grain borer lgb prostephanus truncatus, an invasive post. Bostrichidae, are exceptions because there has been considerable research into factors that trigger. The larger grain borer is reported to breed only in maize and cassava. Since then, the larger grain borer became a serious pest of stored maize and dry cassava.
They can also enter the kernel through feeding damage created by internal pests. Potential hosts of prostephanus truncatus coleoptera. It grows from a few inches to about a met er in height. They dry the maize well, store it on the cob in suitable structures and avoid protracted storage whenever possible. The lesser grain borer originated in south america but is now a cosmopolitan pest especially in warmer countries. Monitoring the establishment and dispersal of teretrius. Simple neem products are reported to be effective for control of stemborers, including the african maize stalkborer. The focus will be on rhyzopertha dominica, the lesser grain borer, temporal and spatial patterns in flight activity and dispersal, and the influence of landcover and landuse patterns on flight activity. This boring will many times leave nothing but empty shells where theyve fed. Bostrichidae, is native to mexico and central america, where it is a pest of stored maize though it is also found in. Pdf first report on occurrence of the larger grain borer. The biology and control of prostephanus truncatus horn.
Proceedings of an iitafao coordination meeting, cotonou, republic of benin, 23 june 1989. It is a beetle commonly found within store bought products and pest of stored cereal grains located worldwide. A synoptic compilation of measures to control the larger grain borer lgb and associated storage pests in maize and dried cassava. If, as it has been argued, the foundation of an effective integrated.
Modeling the potential range expansion of larger grain. The release of predator, teretrius nigrescens, in togo in 1991 and. Rhyzopertha is a monotypic genus of beetles in the family bostrichidae, the false powderpost beetles. Bostrichidae by doug johnson, extension entomologist university of kentucky college of agriculture damage.
First report on occurrence of the larger grain borer prostephanus truncatus horn. Whole grains, on the cob, may be attacked both before and after harvest. Bostrichidae was first recorded in africa in the tambora region of tanzania in 1981 dunstan and magazini, 1981 and afterwards in togo harnisch and krall, 1984. The biology of the larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus. Ecological studies on the larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus horn col bostrichidae and their implications for integrated pest management. Temperaturemediated competition between the invasive.
Bostrichidae after about 25 years of intensive research a. This species is endemic to mexico and central america, but was accidentally introduced into tanzania in the late 1970s hodges et al. This boring will many times leave nothing but empty grain shells in their wake. One set of jute and polypropylene pp woven bags were treated with a cocktail of permethrin and pirimiphosmethyl. Ecology and behavior effects of rearing density, age. Host plant resistance in maize can be a useful component of integrated pest management ipm of the larger grain borer lgb, prostephanus truncatus horn coleoptera. Prostephanus truncatus causes severe damage to maize grain mostly in granaries of smallholder farmers. The rate of production of aggregation pheromone by male larger grain borer beetles, prostephanus truncatus. Investigation of the effect of female larger grain borer, prostephanus. Large quantities of grain dust are produced by the adults as they tunnel from grain to grain figure 3. Gasga workshop on the larger grain borer prostephanus truncatus, 2425 february, 1983, tpi. Although it is considered a postharvest pest, the lgb attacks maize both before and after harvest.
Ecology and management of european corn borer in iowa field corn. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers. Since then it has spread across all provinces of the country with exception of nampula. In africa the larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus horn coleoptera. Bostrichidae, was reported in mozambique for the first time during february 2007, in the mutarara district, tete province. The maize weevil sitophilus zeamais mot and the larger grain borer prostephanus truncatus horn are major pests of stored grains in ghana. Dec 18, 2019 one such invasive species affecting maize production in africa is the larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus horn coleoptera. Regulatory control of larger grain borer storedproductinsects. Introduction the importance of landscape structure and how organisms interact with spatial and temporal landscape heterogeneity has come to the forefront of ecology, and this perspective is making inroads into pest management as well. Ecology and behavior effects of rearing density, age, sex. Landscape ecology of rhipicephalus boophilus microplus ixodida. Extension services will be able to predict years in which there is significant risk of lgb attack, enabling them to focus their efforts with farmers, encouraging the use of appropriate storage technologies. The pest status of the larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus.
The germplasm bank of the international maize and wheat improvement centre cimmyt has more than 14,000 maize accessions from all over the world. Pdf in africa the larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus horn. As their name indicates, they like to bore into grain and grain products. One kg powder should be sufficient to treat 1500 to 2000 plants. Factsheet prostephanus truncatus horn larger grain borer. Biology and ecology of the african maize stalk borer eggs are round, flattened and about one mm in diameter.
The sole species, rhyzopertha dominica, is known commonly as the lesser grain borer, american wheat weevil, australian wheat weevil, and stored grain borer. Journal of chemical ecology joec pp570joce377406 august 1, 2002 19. Can triple layer hermetic pics bags stop heavy infestation. Ecological studies on the larger grain borer, prostephanus. The rate of development on loose shelled grain is usually slower than in grain on the cob. The most commonly used english name for the species is larger grain borer lgb. The ecology of prostephanus truncatus horn in the field and store was investigated under the kenyan climatic conditions and farming systems. Lesser grain borers can be found in most any part of the home. Factsheet prostephanus truncatus horn larger grain. The larger grain borer lgb is a major pest of stored crops, such as maize, dried cassava roots and yams. Interspecific competition and grainhosts selection of maize. The development through these four life stages comprise one generation.
Report ii technical papers presented at the workshop on the containment and control of the larger grain borer. In larger grains, such as maize, as many as four beetles may be found in a single grain. Bostrychidae is a serious insect pest of stored maize and cassava tubers in africa hill 2003, muatinte et al. The insect is larger and darker in color than the lesser grain borer. The larger grain borer lgb was probably introduced to tanzania in the late 1970s since when it has spread throughout the east african region and to other parts of africa. Pheromone trap catches in different habitats strongly suggest that p. First report on occurrence of the larger grain borer. Regulatory control of larger grain borer the introduction of larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus, into tanzania in east africa during the late 1970s and togo in west africa during the early 1980s, and the spread to at least 14 other african countries are mentioned in fundamentals of stored product entomology. In one set of pics bags 50 insects each of the larger grain borer lgb p. Both adult and larval stages are destructive in nature. Adults also bore into a wide range of foodstuffs and other materials such as bamboo, gourds, plastic and soap. Ecology and management of european corn borer in iowa.
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